An overview of blood doping Essay

Engaging in competitive sports can take a lot out of the body of an athlete. To be competitive, the athlete would require a lot of stamina. In order to maintain their endurance and drive for competition, red blood cells would have to be injected in the muscles of the athlete. By doing so, they would have a huge advantage over their rivals. This has paved the way for the birth of an illegal method called blood doping or blood packing. The Meaning and Rationale For Blood Doping Doping is usually conducted prior to the start of competition. The blood of the athlete will be collected and then processed so it will accumulate concentrated blood cells. Afterwards, the collected sample will be kept in a freezer so it will be re-injected into the athlete or matched with the sample of a donor before their scheduled event(Pollick, n. d). Blood doping is resorted to by athletes because they believe that getting additional red blood cells will provide more oxygen as well as other vital components to their muscle system which can pave the way for improved endurance and better stamina. For an athlete who is competing in events such as cycling or running, condition is more important than skills and strategies(Pollick, n. d). It is worth noting that another kind of practice known as â€Å"downstream† is a good method designed to maintain the physiological and biological balance of the body. This can be used to compensate for the undesirable effects of â€Å"upstream† doping(CNRS, 1998). Blood Doping Methods There are two ways of injecting blood into the body of an athlete. Autologous doping involves the transfer of the sportman’s own blood which has been frozen until required. Homologous doping, on the other hand, is the transmission of blood from a donor which matches the blood type of the athelete(Pollick, n. d). The History of Blood Doping Ancient Greece was the sight of the first doping attempts by sportsmen. They were believed to have utilized special food and stimulated ingredients to provide them strength. During the 19th century, Greek cyclists used caffeine, strychnine, alcohol, and cocaine(WADA, n.d). In 1904, Thomas Hicks won the gold medal in Olympics by consuming brandy and raw egg, and injecting himself with strychnine shots. By the 1920s, prohibitions on drug use was being put in place(WADA, n. d). The International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) in 1928 pioneered the bannig of performance-enhancing drugs among international sports federations. However, they proved futile due to the absence of testing methods. The problem becam worse with the introduction of synthetic hormones in the 1930s. It was only during the 1960 Rome Olympic Games when Knud Enemark Jensen, a Dutch cyclist, died as a result of amphetamine, did sports authorities made attempts in testing drug use among athletes(WADA, n. d). Cycling and football were the first sports events that conducted drug testing among their athletes. In 1967, the IOC instructed its Medical Commission to come up with an initial listing of prohibited drugs(WADA, n. d. ). By the 1970s, majority of the international sports federations were engaged in drug testing among their athletes. By this time, anabolic steroids were becoming popular particularly among athletes competing in strength competitions. The substance was added to the IOC list in 1976 which resulted to several disqualifications in the latter part of the 1970s(WADA, n. d. ). Drug testing became mandatory in the Olympics beginning at the Winter Olympics and at the Olympics in 1968. Anti-doping measures became even more dire with the death of Tom Simpson at the Tour de France(WADA, n. d. ). Successful Drug Testing Efforts The ten years covering the 1970s to the 1980s became even more complicated after suspicions of some countries engaging in blood doping were aroused. This was proven by the case of the German Democratic Republic. The most notable disqualification of the Olympic Games happened in 1988 when Ben Johnson, who was then the reigning world champion in the 100-meter event, was found positive for using anabolic steroids(WADA, n. d). In 1998, huge stacks of illegal medical drugs were discovered during a raid in the Tour de France. This was quite ironic since France was among the leading countries that enacted anti-doping laws since 1963(WADA, n. d). The scandal that tainted the reputation of the Tour de France as an annual sporting competition made the need for a separate anti-doping agency became even more urgent. A year later, the World Conference on Doping in Sports was initiated by the IOC in Lausanne, Switzerland. During that convention, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was born(WADA, n. d) Over the years, blood doping has been a banned practice in the Olympic Games as well as in other international sporting events. A major dilemma that the Olympic Games experienced is the use of anabolic steroids, the human growth hormone, and other performance-enhancing substances. While considered illegal, athletes felt that in order for them to stay in a competitive level, they have no choice but to use them(CCES, n. d). With the crumbling of the Berlin Wall and the unification of East and West Germany in the 1990s, evidence surfaced proving that East Germany has been injecting performance-enhancing substances to their atheletes for over 20 years(Guttman, n. d). In order to combat the problem of doping, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) established the World Anti-Doping Agency in 1999. The aim of the agency was to monitor the use of drug in international sports events. As their contribution to this effort, each participating state established their in-house enforcement agencies to conduct monitoring and testing of their own athletes. Mandatory drug testing has become a requirement for competing in the Olympics. During the 2004 Olympic Games hosted by Athens, a record number of 20 athletes faced disqualification for drug penalties(WADA, n. d).

Factors Affecting Travel To Long Haul Destinations Report Essay

In this report I will talk about how factors affect travelling to long haul destinations and in this I will include: time zones, climate, seasonality and extreme climate conditions, travel restrictions, entry and exit requirements, health issues and social situations. In this report I will cover all of those with destinations such as : Australia, North Africa, Thailand, Indonesia, South Africa and few more. Time zones have a big effect on travelling to long haul destinations as people can get a jet lag which can ruin their holiday experience as they have to rest to get rid of it before they get active into more activities that they want to do whilst on holiday. The enjoyment of anything they do is reduced when they are jet lagged. Insomnia which is not being able to sleep properly is a very common side effect of jet lag and that is caused by the fact you wake up during the night and then sleep during the day which is caused by circadian rhythms being disturbed. Even NASA have estimat ed that you need 1 day of recovery for every time zone you cross to get back to normal so for example if it takes you 8 hours to get to Australia and you go from GMT to GMT+8 then you should have 8 days of recovery before you can actually be normal. This is also an issue with business trips as businessman need to get their thoughts straight on their work and projects as they land and sometimes they can’t because of the loss of concentration from jet lag. This is a big effect on business travel long haul as the employee’s aren’t as successful. The World Health Organization have also discovered that about 50% of people that travel to long haul destinations can catch more infections and illnesses to the lowering of human resistance which is what should fight any illnesses and infections and it cannot do it due to it fighting with the jet lag. The air in the aircraft is also not the same as on the ground and it gets you really dehydrated. British Airways have a jet lag calculator which you can use before your trip and it gives you tips on how to prevent jet lag and what to do to prevent it. Another risk of such a long flight like Australia can cause deep vein thrombosis which can be really fatal if not taken car e of as it can pop and enter straight to your lungs. It has been proven by the World Health Organization Research that the risk of deep vein thrombosis happening doubles. This is caused by the lack of movement and there are tips  on a lot of website of exercises you can do on the plane to avoid the risk and also to buy some in flight socks. Climate and seasonality also have a big effect ton travelling to long haul destinations but that is just because of people not checking and not being informed about important information. Australia has different seasons than England does. Australia’s hottest months are during Christmas time so if someone wants the best out of their weather they would be best to go at that time. People also aren’t aware of the monsoon season in Thailand which is a season of heavy rain falls. Travelling during that period of time is sometimes even more than 50% cheaper however you have to be prepared for worse rainfalls and worse storms than in the UK which not a lot of people like when they go on holidays. In march 2011 there was flooding in Koh Tao which lead to the evacuation of all people and if this happened whil st you were on your holiday it would totally ruin your holiday experience. When it comes to the extreme climate conditions such as the tropical cyclones which happen in the South Pacific Ocean on the South of the equator. There has been a Tropical storm in Mexico in 2013 leaving people with no way to get to the airport with one pair of shorts, sandals and a top waiting to be rescued. People are scared of visiting such destinations due to the risk of something like this happening. Moving onto the travel restrictions which are put in place by the government to inform tourists about any risks when visiting destinations or restrictions that stop them going to the country whatsoever. The FCO is a government company that has a website which gives all up to date information about any risks. There has recently been the Ebola virus ongoing which made the government put on restrictions on travelling to areas of West Africa. These restrictions are put in place at the moment until march 2015 as there still hasn’t been a cure fount and it’s a really deadly disease. Even though there has not been any risks of Ebola in the South Africa the times live have said in their news article that there has been a lot of people cancelling their holidays due to the fact that they are scared of getting the virus. Travel restrictions are put in place to prevent people from getting the disease and spreading it further. Next I will talk about the social situations that affect the travel to long haul destinations. The poverty in a lot of long haul destination countries reaches the extreme levels where beggars are around every corner. Tourists have to be really  careful with showing what they have and showing their wealth as the beggars end up making them feel guilty due to the fact that you maybe don’t want to help them and if you do it still makes you think that it isn’t enough. In Bandung which is a city in Indonesia there is an expected drop of 10% in tourism due to the increase of beggars on the streets. Tourists have to consider the culture and the level of poverty when they go to such an area and prepare themselves mentally to be able to enjoy this holiday. Also another example of this is the Ramadan city in Africa in which there are beggars not from even local areas harassi ng foreign tourists and making them give them all of their belongings. Recently these beggars were harassing two female tourists and when they didn’t succeed in getting anything out of them they tried to steal their stuff. This has been stated by Sumaiya Yousuf on the Rising Kashmir website. Next I will talk about the health issues that affect the travel to some long haul destinations. Health issues include things like diseases and epidemics. There is a disease ongoing at the minute of Ebola in the areas of West Africa which led to travel restrictions for UK citizens. This disease has not only lead to loss of tourism for West Africa but also for South Africa and some Asian cities as people are scared to come and visit those places because of the disease being this close. There has been researches done that showed that if the epidemic spreads into countries such as Nigeria and Senegal, Africa could lose up to 32.6 billion by the end of 2015. The Research also shows a 20%-40% drop in demand to travelling to areas close to the affected regions. All of this is stated in a International Business Times news online. Entry and Exit requirements are another issue affecting travel to a long haul destination due to the cost of it as they are really high. A single visit visa to China costs  £30 per person, vaccinations and the certificates for them could cost from  £15-  £150 per person depending on the destination and departure taxes when you are leaving to go back to England vary from  £20- £35 per person. Sometimes your departure tax is included in your flight however in some destinations such as Aruba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica and a few more you have to pay in local currency at the airport before you leave back home. Australia over the years since 2009 has increase their departure tax from $AUS7 to $AUS46 which as you can tell is a quick increase, we don’t know whether other countries will be doing departure taxes however it is really of putting when tourists  go to destinations and a lot of their money goes on Visas, Departure tax and Vaccination certificates.

Benchmarking With Costa Coffee And Caffe Nero Marketing Essay

Benchmarking With Costa Coffee And Caffe Nero Marketing Essay The organisation chosen for the report is Starbucks Corp. and the report would compare it with two similar companies, one being Costa Coffee and the other being Caffà © Nero. The report would highlight the frameworks underpinning the competitive position of Starbucks and also would identify and asses the economic and the competitive position of the firm. A financial model using appropriate ratio analysis would also be presented in a spreadsheet format identifying the industry trends and their impact on the performance of Starbucks vis-à  -vis Costa Coffee and Caffà © Nero. Both quantitative and qualitative data would be made available so as to provide an insight into Starbucks sustainable performance and prospects. Analysis of Starbucks operational, financial, organisational and marketing capabilities would be made available through application of PESTEL analysis, Porter’s 5 forces model, the Ansoff Matrix and the BCG Matrix. The report would also discuss the issues, the p roblems, the opportunities and the options available to Starbucks for future business growth, followed by conclusions to draw together all the variables identified. Recommendations would be provided for the company highlighting the direction it needs to take to ensure business profitability with comments on the suitability, acceptability and the feasibility of the options made available. INTRODUCTION The Starbucks Company was founded in Seattle in 1971 by Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Seigel with a vision to educate American consumers about the fine coffee drinking experience. In 1987 Howard Schultz took over the Starbucks Group. Starbucks is the number one in the industry, with more than 12,000 shops in more than 35 countries. Just within a couple of years they grew from a small coffee business house to a multi-million dollar player in the coffee industry by buying the best coffee available and providing the people with an unmatched store experience. Freshly brewed coffee is the main product offered by Starbucks along with other drinks which include cold and hot teas, cakes and pastries. The Starbucks coffee comes in a many varieties each possessing a different taste, aroma and flavour. INDUSTRY TRENDS AND MARKET ANALYSIS The market right now for gourmet coffee business is hot. All the multi-national fast food chains and street-corner shops want in on the boom. Many big companies are focused on the supply of specialty branded coffees and the economic stage is heating up. Specialty coffee industry is one of the fastest growing financial services globally. Growth in the coffee industry is continuously peaking, with many new overseas companies entering the market using policies offering exclusive perks and special discounts, despite the questionable quality of the coffee being used to increase the market share. A notable trend seen is that often a significant increase in sales occurs every time a cafà © starts to use branded consumables. The consensus is that these coffee drinks would be a long-term trend, with focus on elevating the customer’s taste for a product that they are familiar with and then leading them to the coffee stores to buy it. Many companies are also tinkering with expanding the food menus as well including an in-store display of sandwiches, fresh baked goods and many confectionary items.

Autobiography(first love) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Autobiography(first love) - Essay Example On the morning of May 27th, I finally got my chance to do something about the way I felt. It was announced that my school would be starting later than usual that morning, which would give me a chance to go over to her school instead. I thought about what I was going to do for the rest of the day, even during my night-time tutoring session at the Educational Institution, where I was learning English. I saw someone selling flowers, which gave me a tremendous idea. I bought sixteen roses, one for every year of her life, and hid them in my garden so that my parents wouldn’t see them. When I got home, I called a couple of my friends to see if any of them would go with me – I didn’t want to be alone. The next morning didn’t go quite the way I’d planned. I was anxiously waiting at the bus stop for the two friends that said they would go with me and they managed to get there just before the bus to her school. I still regret my choice of clothing for this meeting. I was going to have to go straight from her school to mine, so I was wearing our horrible brown school uniform. We looked like janitors, which was sure to work against me. My planning skills were found to be poor again when we arrived at her school and I realized I had no idea where her classroom was. While we searched from classroom to classroom, we ran into one of the teachers, who recognized that we didn’t belong at that school. He thought we were there to make trouble, so he hit us and banned us from the grounds. One of my friends didn’t want to risk getting in trouble for a girl that wasn’t even for him, so he waited outside while my other friend and I tried to get back through the gates. Although there hadn’t been a guard there before, there was one now and he stopped us to ask why we were trying to get inside. The roses probably should have made it possible for him to guess, but my friend lied and said we wanted to make one of the teachers feel better. He

Business Law Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Law Assignment - Coursework Example The paper tells that in the Constitution of the United States, Article 1, Section 2 refers to the qualifications that must be met to serve as a member of the House of Representatives. It states that â€Å"No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen†. Article 1, Section 3 of the Constitution delineates the requirements to become a Senator, by stating that â€Å"No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen†. The qualifications to serve as President of the United States are found in Article 2, Section one. The document states that â€Å"no Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United Statesâ€Å". The Age requirement for the House of Representatives is five years less than the requirements for senate and ten years less than for president. The age and citizenship requirements for Senate exceed those of the House by five and three years respectively. They are less than those for President by five years for both categories. The qualifications to serve as President are the highest exceeding the age requirement for the House by ten years and the Senate by five years, and the citizenship requirement for the House by seven years and for Senate by five years. All three of the offices require that the Person be a natural born Citizen of the United States. Question 2: Stanglin argues that the ordin ance violates the equal protection, because there is no rational basis to suppose that children are at a greater danger being near a class E dance hall than a skating rink. I disagree with this statement. The Equal Protection clause states that "no state shall ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† (US Const., amend. XIV). This statement taken on its own can be taken either extremely strictly or be loosely interpreted, but there is a rather extensive history of supreme court cases that has led up to the current guidelines on interpreting this clause. Some of the most famous of these cases had to do with equality between races, women’s suffrage and the rights of immigrants. Currently the equal protection clause is interpreting as protecting state governments from discriminating against these types of rights--fundamental or inalienable rights. For cases like Stanglin’s, where no fundamental rights are involved, the state ne ed only to show there is some type of rational basis for whatever distinction they make through the law. Since the state passed the ordinance in the interest of protecting the youth from drugs and dangerous sex, it was not passed arbitrarily and thus not irrational. Personally, it seems to me that Stanglin filed this suit simply out of personal interest, because he would lose money for his business. I don’t think the equal protection should ever work in this way. The clause is not to be used for protecting the profit seeking interests of business from regulations imposed by local governments. It is to protect people from arbitrary and unjust discrimination of the law. Question 3: The primary element in this case, is the fact that Hernandez relied upon a promise that a business made to him, which they failed to keep causing him to suffer monetary loss. Thus I am certain Hernandez should win this case given that the circumstances meet the criteria for promissory estoppel. The t ext defines a promise in a promissory estopp

Statistics for Managers Class Discussion wk5 Essay

Statistics for Managers Class Discussion wk5 - Essay Example In business the population mean can be applied on a study using a focus group as a parameter of the whole population. He focus group can be used to sample new products and get reactions from the consumers. The population mean represents the true opinion of the entire population. During elections most opinion poll the voters predict the winning candidate this has been done for the major media houses to make consumers glued to their channels during heated campaign periods. Thus during the period the media houses make their money on adverts as the candidates use the polls advertise themselves on the weaker area of electorate. Most drug and pharmaceuticals company test their drugs on a certain focus group to test the curative and side effects of vaccine, cure drugs and cosmetics. Most recently GlaxoSmithKline and NewLinkGenetics were conducting focus group trials on Ebola virus; as a result of outbreak in West Africa (Daniel Flynn, 2014). Most consumer goods have a warranty, the risk of return of the product is calculated from the margin of error of producing a defective product. Daniel Flynn, R.-J. B. (2014, November 14). Exclusive: MSF should have called for Ebola vaccine earlier. Retrieved from Reuters:

Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration Essay

Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration - Essay Example Public interest can be defined as the general wellbeing of the public. This is where the whole society, and not just selfish individuals, matter. They, therefore, warrant protection, promotion and recognition from the government. It is their job as people in higher positions of power to ensure that everyone gets treated right and just with accordance to the law (Nichols, 2010). Public administrators are, therefore, bound to these roles by certain ethical rules. As they make decisions, they have to take into account the rules that bind them to ensure they serve the people well. This paper will review some of the responsibilities and obligations that bind public administrators. Also, the dilemmas they usually face when politics is involved in the running of the business. Administrative responsibility lies with the fact that leaders are supposed to serve the people on a lower level. The problems that arise when they are in charge are often seen with the way they handle their business. Some ethical problems that they face arise mostly from morality. Many public administrators are mostly consumed by sex scandals (Kumar, 2005). These issues create a very bad image for the people that surround them, especially their family. Most people voted into office are chosen based on their family standings and values. A family man is likely to be chosen into office than a person who does not have a family. The public would like to be involved in the running of their daily business.

Resume two articles regarding Callista Roy Theory Assignment

Resume two articles regarding Callista Roy Theory - Assignment Example The Roy model has significantly enhanced the information needed in advancing the world health (Roy, 2014, p. 27).While working together, a group of research personnel, formerly using Roy model in their independent works, joined to form a Boston Based Adaptation Research in Nursing Society. Apart from employing Roy model in enhancing the nursing exercise, the society has played a vital role in creating avenues for exchange of research findings that helps in the development of the expertise in scientific nursing. A 1990 study developed by Moody was aimed at enhancing the development in creating a system of information that would cause a positive change in the nursing exercise. In the study, nine systematic stages were proposed as a way of making analysis and acquiring conclusive results (Roy, 2014, p. 32).The following year, an independent research was conducted to determine the outcome of a designed engagement. It was found that the independent studies showed similarities in results over a range of study factors categorized as stimuli, control, and adaptation mechanisms. The studies helped in realizing the vital usefulness of increasing the strength of stimuli, and how addition of critical control factors may enhance the general process of intervention. A new study was developed to determine the results of the coping methods of people released from the intensive care unit. A non-complex sampling method was used to randomly sample the subjects. Information was collected over a varied range of demographic data. Analysis of the results of the findings showed some relevant association between the emotional bond of attraction between individuals’ and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation results. The patients who are severely ill, and are experiencing emotional and physical feelings provides a basis for excellence of care in intensive care unit (Kaya, 2011). Apart from physically instigated responses, the

Evaluate own responsibilities in relation to other professionals Essay

Evaluate own responsibilities in relation to other professionals - Essay Example Adopt suitable shortest or interactive lessons strategies for the whole-class, group or persons that support pupil proposal and self-regulating knowledge, talking relation of understanding I have of how kids and youthful people learn (Gravells 2012). Furthermore, am expected to be familiar with the theory skill requisite in the core curriculum or subjects to be trained, and how these can be incorporated into training and resources for learning. Develop assessment materials together with staff, in line with National and local guidance and consistent with achieving the aims of the school. Select and use arrange of assessment instruments, including those required by the government to encourage and examine education as an important part of the training course devoid of dominating it. Use assessment results to assess the effectiveness of teaching and learning and bring up to date about future terms (Gravells 2012). Summarize and document evaluation information of the pupils and transmit them to pupils, parents and others who require the information (Gravells 2012). Provide dialogue discussion with pupils in which their views are put into consideration. Also encourage parents to be in touch about pupils’ improvement and use opportunities presented to seek advice from parents. Write report to parents in a supportive plan, that give clear in sequence and particulars on how every pupil is moving ahead across all aspects of the program of study, and point out the subsequent steps in the pupil’s learning. Have an excellent understanding and positive of the institute and administration of the school. Know and recognize their own role and tasks as teachers in relation to additional school staff. As a trainer I will come up with a curriculum on staff basis and support other staff in developing course and programmes of work (Gravells 2012). Work as a team with other staff to create and

The photograph in focus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The photograph in focus - Essay Example The picture of the macaque covers the immediate front upper half parts of the animal and also little of the front parts of both sides of the animal such as the protruding shoulders. It is a close up picture meaning the photographer must have been considerably near the animal. Although the picture was taken from a close range, the image of the macaque does not fill the parameters of the photograph. It allows for approximately 50% view of the background on its top, right hand and left hand sides respectively. The photograph’s position is not centrally balanced but a little shifted to right the hand side giving a greater view of the background on the left hand side. Such characteristics of the photographs could be as a result of taking the picture in a rush in order to capture that exact moment hence no time to properly balance and plan. Again, it may be a deliberate move by the photographer in order to show the environment of the animal. In the picture, the macaque is covered in brown fur with patches of grey on the front side. It appears to be in a seated position with its butt to the ground and fore arms firmly supported on the ground due to its frontal horizontal posture. Its mouth is wide opened depicting that the animal is making loud sounds characteristic of a form of communication to other animals. The wide mouth is displaying a set of big strong teeth and tongue to further depict that this animal can handle or even take hard foods that require hard biting into and tearing. An example of such a food would be the crabs. The teeth are also a symbol of the strength of the animal as tools such as in fighting with others. Some of the teeth at the inner end of the mouth have black patches on their upper side depicting they are experiencing a mild form of decay. This can be a show of the lifestyle and brain capacity of the animal in that it does not disinfect its mouth against decay but the tongue keeps the mouth as clean. Some of the teeth appear to be br oken while some are totally missing from their sockets. This could be a show of the tough to break or chew type of diet that the macaque follows. In addition, it could also be as symbols of injuries from fighting either with enemies or in pursuit of dominance within social groups. The face appears to be squelched backwards with its eyes closed, ears pushed backwards, and nostrils half closed. This facial expression on the macaque shows the intensity in which it is making the noise. Both this facial expression and the extremely wide opened mouth show the great intensity in which it is making the sound which might be assumed is intended to warn an enemy or alert its comrades. The background of the picture shows fresh, deep green bushy vegetation. This is as a show of the habitual environment of the macaque. This is consistent with the macaque’s habitual home of mangrove forests and other marshy regions. Light in the photograph appears to be subjectively focused on the macaque o n its right side while the left side is in partial darkness. The lack of a properly defined shadow depicts that the light is not very strong. On the background, the light appears to be of bright yellow color as the morning sunrise while from the view of the animal it appears to be bright white in color. This difference in color of the light on the macaque is attributed to the reflection and absorption by its outer grey colored fur. Again, the whole right

Training and Development Essay Example for Free

Training and Development Essay â€Å"Training and development refers to the imparting of specific skills,abilities and knowledge to an employee.† Training and development is any attempt to improve current or future employee performance by increasing an employee’s ability to perform through learning,usually by changing the employee’s attitude or increasing his or her skills and knowledge. WHAT IS TRAINING ? Training is concerned with imparting developing specific skills for a particular purpose.Traning is the act of increasing the skills of an employes for doing a particular job. Training is the process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. What is Development ? Management development is all those activities and programme when recognized and controlled have substantial influence in changing the capacity of the individual to perform his assignment better and in going so all likely to increase his potential for future assignments.Thus, management development is a combination of various training programme, though some kind of training is necessary, it is the overall development of the competency of managerial personal in the light of the present requirement as well as the future requirement. Development an activity designed to improve the performance of existing managers and to provide for a planned growth of managers to meet future organizational requirements is management development. Why Employee Training and Development ? †¢ Training and development can be initiated for a variety of reasons for an employee or group of employees, e.g.: †¢ When a performance appraisal indicates performance improvement is needed †¢ To benchmark the status of improvement so far in a performance improvement effort †¢ As part of an overall professional development program †¢ As part of succession planning to help an employee be eligible for a planned change in role in the organization †¢ To pilot, or test, the operation of a new performance management system †¢ To train about a specific topic. Types of Employee Training Communications: The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs. Computer skills: Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks. Customer service: Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers. Diversity: Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views, and includes techniques to value diversity Ethics: Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility. Also, todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace. Human relations: The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict. Training can people to get along in the workplace. Quality initiatives: Initiatives such as Total Quality Management, Quality Circles, benchmarking, etc., require basic training about quality concepts, guidelines and standards for quality, etc. Safety: Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment, hazardous chemicals, repetitive activities, etc., but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults, etc. Sexual harassment: Sexual harassment training usually includes careful description of the organizations policies about sexual harassment, especially about what are inappropriate behaviors. Benefits from Employee Training and Development †¢ Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees †¢ Increased employee motivation †¢ Increased efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain †¢ Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods †¢ Increased innovation in strategies and products †¢ Reduced employee turnover †¢ Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting ethics training (not a good reason for ethics training!) †¢ Risk management, e.g., training about sexual harassment, diversity training Responsibility for employee training and development Employee training is the responsibility of the organization. Employee development is a shared responsibility of management and the individual employee. The responsibility of management is to provide the right resources and an environment that supports the growth and development needs of the individual employee.For employee training and development to be successful, management should: †¢ Provide a well-crafted job description it is the foundation upon which employee training and development activities are built †¢ Provide training required by employees to meet the basic competencies for the job. This is usually the supervisors responsibility †¢ Develop a good understanding of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that the organization will need in the future. What are the long-term goals of the organization and what are the implications of these goals for employee development ? Share this knowledge with staff †¢ Look for learning opportunities in every-day activity. Was there an incident with a client that everyone could learn from? Is there a new government report with implications for the organization? †¢ Explain the employee development process and encourage staff to develop individual development plans †¢ Support staff when they identify learning activities that make them an asset to your organization both now and in the future For employee development to be a success, the individual employee should: †¢ Look for learning opportunities in every-day activity †¢ Identify goals and activities for development and prepare an individual development plan

Hamburger - Fast food Essay Example for Free

Hamburger Fast food Essay We’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes. We’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes. We’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes. We’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes. We’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes. We’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes. jsjsjsWe’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes. hzjzjzznnzWe’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes. nzjziaksolahGaa We’ve all heard it, whether it be through a friend, the news, or in the newspaper. Lawsuits being filed against McDonald’s for the cause of obesity in the accuser or their family. In August 2002 two different parents of two different girls both living in the Bronx sued McDonald’s for the obesity of each individual child. They stated that McDonald’s had failed to disclose clearly the ingredients in its food, therefore, accounting for the obesity. Again in February 2003 another claim was made by an unknown â€Å"victim† that McDonald’s food is more dangerous and harmful than a customer would have reason expect. In July 2002 a man by the name of Caesar Barber filed a suit against McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He alleged that their food caused his obesity, heart attacks, and diabetes.

Aims and Provisions of the 2004 Children’s Act

Aims and Provisions of the 2004 Children’s Act The Children’s Act 2004 The Children’s Act introduced in 2004 aimed to address concerns about the protection of children. As such, to a significant extent it built on the provisions of the 1989 Children’s Act. Above all, the main motivation for establishing a new act relating to children was a series of high profiled cases involving abuse against young children. Moreover, many people felt that the provisions of the 1989 act failed to fully unite the various different organisations that are involved in the protection of children.[1] The purpose of this essay is to examine the aims and provisions of the 2004 Children’s Act. Above all, we will see that the 2004 act aimed to bring about a series of changes that would allow for greater cooperation between various different agencies and organisations. This change has also taken place across the wide general area of social policy in Britain. The name given to this process of greater cooperation is collaborative partnerships.[2] The idea behind this new initiative is that if differing groups involved in social service provision work together then there will be greater possibilities for safeguarding the security and interests of children. However, before I go into detail on this subject let us first examine the reasons and cases that brought about the 2004 Children’s Act. Ultimately, the aim of the 2004 Children’s Act was to build on the previous legislation passed in 1989 and further the possibilities for effective child protection. However, another further motivating factor was the murder of Victoria Climbie in 2000. Nine-year-old Victoria was abused and murdered by her guardians in her London home. The public and media outcry following the case was enormous. Furthermore, it was widely felt that the case had highlighted serious problems within the children protection service. Above all, it was felt that different agencies had failed to act in unison in the months and years prior to Victoria’s murder. As such, a series of new ideas and approaches were adopted towards the protection of children.[3] This new wish to provide better and more effective protection can be seen in the form of two moves. Firstly, the establishment of the Every Child Matters programme and secondly the passing of the 2004 Children’s Act. Every Child Matters was launched in 2003 and aimed to ensure that all children regardless of the financial or social background would be able to achieve their full potential in life.[4] Furthermore, Every Child Matters was set up in an attempt to allow for greater cooperation between varying agencies and organisations involved with children. The setting up of Every Child Matters was a prelude aimed at laying the basis for the Children’s Act of 2004. The Children Act itself aimed to put in place a legal framework, which would provide better protection for children and greater levels of efficiency in the organisations charged with child protection. Local authorities were to receive more support and advice on how to carry out better service for children. There were also changes to the law with regard foster homes, caring and babysitting services, and adoption services. However, although all these issues are very important provisions within the act, the ultimate purpose was to create far greater levels of cooperation and multi agency action in relation to the protection of children.[5] Above all, the Victoria Climbie case had highlighted the extent to which there was little cooperation between different agencies in terms of child protection. Furthermore, it was now realised that there were a considerable number of organisations and agencies that could play a role in child protection. Naturally, local authority child protection services were seen as the most important agency. However, it was clearly vital that child protection services needed to work in close collaboration with other agencies. Therefore, agencies such as the police, school authorities, social services, doctors and charity organisations now all work together in order to provide better protection for vulnerable children. Because each agency has a unique role to play in relation to children it is hoped that such collaborative partnerships will produce better services for children.[6] For example, if a social worker feels that a particular child is in possible danger, they can call upon the expertise an d opinion of a variety of other professionals such as the child’s schoolteacher or doctor. Therefore, with everyone working together for same purpose possible problems can be highlighted and dealt with in a much more effective manner. Now although the 2004 act and Every Children Matters has brought about significant changes to the way in which child protection services operate, there have nonetheless been serious problems. For example, it is sometimes difficult to bring different agencies together in combination when they have previously not worked in collaboration.[7] Also, different agencies may have very different ways of understanding a particular situation, such as that of a social worker compared to a police officer. Very recently such problems have been highlighted in the form of another tragic and horrible case. The case of baby P shows above all the extent to which collaboration between multi agency organisations can break down with terrible consequences. Doctors, police and social services failed to work together effectively enough to protect baby P and therefore the case shows the possible problems that could continue in the future. In conclusion, the main reasons behind the 2004 Children’s Act have been discussed. Above all, it is clear that both the act and the Every Child Matters initiative came about because of perceived failings within the child protection service as highlighted in the case of Victoria Climbie. Above all, government has attempted to enact a system whereby agencies involved with children work in collaboration to achieve better levels of protection. However, although such moves are positive the case of baby P highlights the extent to which there are still serious problems. Ultimately, it will take a considerable time for such moves to work effectively. Cree, Viviane and Myers, Steve. Social Work: making a difference, Bristol: Policy, 2008. Sheldon, Brian and Macdonald, Geraldine. A Textbook of Social Work, London: Routledge, 2008. UK Government, Every Child Matters: Change for Children, â€Å"Children’s Act 2004: guidance on the duty to cooperate† http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/strategy/guidance/, date accessed, 01/01/2009. UK Government, Every Child Matters: Change for Children, â€Å"Aims and Outcomes†, http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/aims/, date accessed, 01/01/2009. 1 Footnotes [1] Brian Sheldon, and Geraldine Macdonald. A Textbook of Social Work, London: Routledge, 2008, p. 96. [2] Ibid. p.25. [3] Vivienne Cree, and Steve Myers. Social Work: making a difference, Bristol: Policy, 2008, p. 103. [4] UK Government, Every Child Matters: Change for Children, â€Å"Aims and Outcomes†, http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/aims/, date accessed, 01/01/2009. [5] UK Government, Every Child Matters: Change for Children, â€Å"Children’s Act 2004: guidance on the duty to cooperate† [6] Cree and Myers, Social Work, 2008, p.113. [7] Ibid, p.116.

Divine Comedy Essay -- essays research papers

The Divine Comedy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Divine Comedy, written by Dante Alighieri is considered by many to be one of the greatest literary masterpieces of not just Latin literature, but of all poetry. Little is known of Dante Alighieri, mainly what we know if from what he tells us of himself in his poetry. In The Divine Comedy, Dante comes across as a resentful, yet passionate man who used this poem to alert Florentines of the tribulations that awaited them for their sins and for the corruption of their government. Like many great literary masterpieces, The Divine Comedy has a central character, Dante, who goes on a journey - through the nice circles of Inferno, to the top of the mountain Purgatory, and finally Beatrice takes him to Paradiso. The Divine Comedy is the story o...

Literature of the 1970s :: essays papers

Literature of the 1970s The literature of the 1970’s contains a divergent amount of writers and genres. Poems, novels, and short stories are the main forms of expression, and these were produced by writers from around the world. â€Å"Many of the books in the 1970’s revolve around a general theme of man’s alienation from his spiritual roots†(Gillis). One author of the seventies is John Updike. He portrayed his characters â€Å"trying to find the meaning in a society spiritually empty and in a state of moral decay†(Gillis). Interest in the 1970’s focused on writers as disparate in the concerns and styles as V.S. Pritchett and Doris Lessing(â€Å"English Literature†). V.S. Pritchett is noted as a literary critic of remarkable education. She is also considered a master of the short story. Doris Lessing went from writing short stories collected as African novels concerning the role of women in contemporary society. â€Å"No playwright dominated this decade of both social and artistic unrest. Among the most acknowledged were Sam Shepherd, Lanford Wilson, David Mamet, and Neil Simon†(Gillis). Another noted playwright is Edward Franklin Albee. He is an American playwright whose most successful plays focus on familial relationships. His early plays are characterized by themes typical of the theater of the absurd. The characters suffer from an inability or unwillingness to communicate meaningfully or to sympathize or empathize with one another(â€Å"English Literature†). Another author of the seventies is Iris Murdoch. A teacher of philosophy as well as a writer, she is esteemed for slyly comic analyses of contemporary lives in her many novels such as The Black Prince. Murdoch’s effects are made by the contrast between her eccentric characters and the underlying seriousness of her ideas(â€Å"English Literature†). Eudora Welty, an American writer was born in Jackson, Mississippi. Some of her novels include The Robber Bridegroom, Delta Wedding, The Ponder Heart, and Losing Hearts. Her skillful re-creation of regional patterns of speech and thought make her well-noted. â€Å"Welty’s main subject is the intricacies of human relationships, particularly as revealed through her characters’ interactions in intimate social encounters†(Eudora Welty: Biography). Most of her novels and short stories are tales of eccentric and even hideous characters. She portrays them with charm and sympathetic humor. Many of the stories that brought her fame first appeared in The New Yorker Magazine. Another American novelist during the seventies was Michael Shaara. He was a short-story writer whose writing on military matters is known for its historical accuracy and realism.

Aeneid Book 8 :: essays research papers

Aeneid: Book 8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Book eight of the Aeneid starts with Aeneas in an anxious and nervous mood. With Turnus rallying his troops, and the uncertainty of aid from other territories, Aeneas’ mind is in turmoil. His thoughts are further confused when he sleeps that night and has a prophetic dream. He dreams he is lying on the bank of a river when the God of the Tiber river appears. He eases Aeneas’ troubled mind by saying that he has made it to the new Trojan home. He goes on to say that if he doubts this vision, he will find a white sow on a riverbank the following day, with thirty young pigs around it. He further explains that Aeneas must head for Pallanteum and seek an alliance with the ruler of this land, Evander. The dream ends as the Tiber river tells Aeneas that he will aid him with fair currents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aeneas sets sail the next day on a calm river, on his way to visit Evander. He finds the king in the middle of a celebration honoring Hercules. Aeneas and Evander talk and discover that they are actually distant relatives, and Evander agrees to help Aeneas in the coming war. Evander then goes on to invite the Trojans to the feast.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the feast, Evander relates the story of how his people came to celebrate Hercules on a special day. The story goes that there was a half-man half-monster named Cacus who would terrorize and kill the people of this town. One day, Hercules was traveling through this land with his cattle. Cacus then stole some of the cattle and Hercules chased him to his mountain hideaway. Hercules lifted the entire mountain up, found Cacus, and killed him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the night comes, Aeneas and Evander sleep as Venus and Vulcan stay up. Venus uses her powers to seduce Vulcan and convince him to do her a favor. Vulcan went to the Cyclops’ forge on his island to do work for his wife. He employed all the Cyclops to help him in his task of making new armor for Aeneas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the meantime, Aeneas and Evander are preparing for war. They wake early to have a meeting and decide leadership. Evander chooses to put Aeneas in control in accordance with a prophet he received saying: â€Å"No Italian, by right, may rule your assembly. Choose a foreign leader.† Then minutes before the battle, Venus appears and brings the forces under Aeneas weapons.

Prison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance Essay

Leonard Peltier’s Prison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance takes into account the disgusting of righteousness in the American justice system and the longings of the Native Americans for evenhandedness, equality and fairplay. Peltier postulate in the story that American socio-cultural life still suffers from the dilemma of racial disparity against many claims that the long tradition of racism in the United States ended with the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.This phenomenon still haunts the American society at various levels. But its prevalence in the criminal justice system is more troubling as it harms the cherished ideals off equality, fraternity and freedom of American democracy. So he opines that oppression of American Indians is not unconscious but institutional. The gross foulness in the Justice System is skillfully described in a single line; â€Å"This is the twenty-third year of my imprisonment for a crime I didn’t commit.† On the surface level, it describe the story of killing of two CIA’s agent but on a deeper level Peltier’s has described certain preplanned events that undermine the unalienable human rights clause of the American Constitution. For example he said that Government â€Å"†¦had been gathering in the area for a preplanned paramilitary assault on the Pine Ridge reservation,† (p.129) in 1975. His views are neither a subjective description of personal pathos and miseries, nor it is distortion of the facts but he takes into consideration the national dilemma of treatment of Native Indians and provides verified and verifiable documented proof in favor of his arguments. Another Theme of these personal memoirs is the sun dance that implies the spiritual attainment he had from unbearable agonizing experience in prison. From a warrior to a spiritual leader, the journey is wonderful but is littered with horrible memories of sufferings.

Fin Understanding

Understanding the Concepts Professor Ingrain P. Nelson Fin 100 Introduction to Finance December 1, 2012 1. Imagine you are a small business owner. Determine the financial ratios that are important to the business. Compare your ratios with those that are important to a manager of a larger corporation. As a business owner, financial understanding is something that has to be studied before you decide that you are going to open or even start a new business. Small businesses in general run the finance operations of their business in a different way than the larger corporations.Most of the small businesses must rely on the personal investors or personal resources to access money needed to be a successful business. It does not matter if it is a small business or a corporation; being a successful business depends on having the capability to make more than what is being paid out. Now that we have a little understanding of what it will take to start the business; we must have knowledge of the different types of ratios that will help us with this. The main three ratios that are used in the business world are the current ratio, total debt ratio, and profit margin.The current Asia is a measure of the company ability to pay off its short-term debt as it comes due (Melcher & Norton). This ratio is computed by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities. Total debt ratio is Just what you think it is; the total amount of debt the company has. The total debt ratios are total debt or total liabilities of the business and divide it by the total assets. Profit margin is simply how much profits (money) is made during the operation or while the business was open if you had to close it down.Net income is divided by sales in order to show the profit. All of the three ratios are used to no matter how big or small your company seems to be. 2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of debt financing and why an organization would choose to issue stocks rather than bonds to gen erate funds. If you run into the problem of the current ratio showing that you have the inability to cover the costs of the business then, debt financing may be the best solution for this problem. As we know with all financial options, there are some advantages and disadvantages of any company or business.The first advantage for debt financing is that it allows the menders or the owners of the company to maintain control and ownership of the company. A second advantage would be that the interest paid on the loan may be tax deductible depending on the type of loan. The best part is the lenders you borrow money from do not share in your profits. The main disadvantage is the risk of credit ratings getting ruined or filing for bankruptcy (Palaver, n. D. ) As an organization; they can choose to either issue stocks or bonds to help generate funds for the company. Most of the time they prefer to issue stocks over bonds.Stocks are a form of winnowers; they represent participation in a compa ny's growth (Investigated). A between investors and institutions that, in return for financing, will pay a premium for borrowing, known as a coupon (Investigated). When it comes to the obligation of repay the principle on the stocks you have none; now for the bond you must pay it on the date of maturity. The inertest of the bond has dividends, but the company only pays the dividends when the company makes a profit. The stocks have a fixed interest rate that has to be paid at a specific time. 3. Discuss how financial returns are related to risk.We know that how the returns work is the greater the risk the greater the returns. The more you invest the more you will get back in returns. The relationship between financial risk and return is the gain or the lost from investments or securities. Just because you have chosen to take a higher risk does not mean that your return will be as high as the risk you took. There are five factors of model investment risk shows risks in terms of credit risk, term risk, market risk, size risk, and price risk. The return on an investment can be measured by a real rate which is what is earned after inflation has been figured into the value.The market, size, and price factors are the link between risk and return (Risk and return are related – Wealth Foundations, n. D. ). Now the beta stock is one factor that will help to determine the risk. 4. Describe the concept of beta and how it is used. A stocks beta is the measure of an asset's systematic risk and the relative risk (Melcher and Norton). Beta also measures the volatility or variability of an asset's returns relative to the market portfolio (Melcher and Norton). The assets of the company are more volatile than the market. If the company has a greater systematic sis than the market then the betas are greater than 1. . Even though the total risk and the sum of systematic risks are all measured by beta, they are equal and they are all measured in different units. Total risk i s measured in percentages and beta is unit less. The rules of how the beta works can be very easy to understand. The beta value will always be greater than 1 if a stocks price moves more than the stock market. If the value of the beta is less than 1, the stock market is moving more than the stocks price. Increased volatility of stock price equals higher risk for the investors ND a higher expected return, therefore betas over 1 are riskier.Betas under 1 are the exact opposite. These stocks have fewer risks, less volatility, and smaller overall returns. (Stock Beta and Volatility, n. D. ) 5. Contrast systematic and unsystematic risk. As mentioned in the above paragraphs, ownership of stock does not come without risks. The types of risks are categorized as systematic and unsystematic risks. The risks are very similar to each other; in that they are both affected by news and represent changes in a stocks return. The combination of these two risk types is noninsured the total risk. At th is point is where the similarities between the two risks end.Systematic risks, also known as non-diversified risks, are common risks that affect all stock. This risk is the portion of an asset that can be linked to market factors that influence all firms (Marina, 2010). The market for the systematic risk is the news, such as hurricanes, war, or an increase in interest rates, that links with the investments of the company. When things like this happen the investors do not have control; and now this presents a higher risk for the stockholders. Now that the hysteretic risks cannot be mitigated through diversification, they require a risk reward for buying a risky stock.The risky premium is determined solely by the systematic risks of a security. In addition to the risk premium, stockholders expect high returns because of the high risks posed by systematic risks. (Weakened, Kismet, ; Skies, 2011) Unsystematic risks or diversified risks are independent risks that only affect a single com pany or industry. The risk indicates a portion of an asset that is related to random causes that are linked to firm-specific events (Marina, 2010). The types of unsystematic events are to be made by the company or the industry specific news.When a merger happens between two companies this is what falls into the unsystematic risk category. Also other industry factors and events such as labor unions, strikes, lawsuits, and marketing strategies are a unsystematic risk. The changes that happen resulting from the independent risks are unrelated across investments. If the company has one unsystematic event that may happen, this will not have an effect on the entire outcome of the portfolio. Since the risk was so low this meaner that the stock will not be able to receive a risk premium. They can, however, diversify their portfolio to eliminate unsystematic risks.The elimination of the risks lowers the return an investor can expect (Weakened, Kismet, ; Skies, 2011). 6. Imagine your manufact uring corporation has Just won a patent lawsuit. After attorney and other fees, your corporation will have about $1 million. Explain how you plan to invest the money in order to diversify the risk and receive a good return. Support your decisions with concepts learned in this course. If my manufacturing corporation has Just won a patent lawsuit, I would have to take advantage the financial concepts that I have learned in this class such as financial management, stock and bonds, and the financial risk.I would use these concepts in order to diversify the risk and receive a good return. I am not for sure as to how much was awarded before the attorney and other fees but, only about $1 million will remain. This money will be invested into different portfolios that would help to diversify the risks that I will be taken not that I have money to do that with. Taking about half of the money to invest in multiple companies that have the potential to row and I can see where it would grow. I wo uld buy shares; this will give me the long term investments.

Gmr Case Study: Managing Hr in a Global Environment Essay

I. TERMS OF REFERENCE This report is a case study of GMR International Company, which analyzes the different components and challenges of Human Resources Management faced by GMR in a global environment and through a theoretical review, establishes possible improvement strategies towards the creation of best practices. II. METHODOLOGY This report is part based on the interview held with the HR manager of the company complemented with primary research from books and electronic sources listed at the references and lecture and seminar’s contents. 1. INTRODUCTION In a global market, how companies manage and handle their employees determines a key strategic role that ultimately creates a competitive advantage. Companies operate on an international operational level locating outbreaks in different countries and facing different cultural challenges. â€Å"Managing resourceful humans requires a constant balancing between meeting the human aspirations of the people and meeting the strategic and financial needs of the business.† (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2008, p.3) A company through any domestic and internationalization process must identify the basic needs of its employees in relation to their business guidelines, creating a balance between strategic and operational resource management. Businesses are valued for their intellectual capital and are projected by the management of intangible assets The purpose of this report lies in the evaluation of the different variables that a global company such as GMR must study, understand and reflect on its corporate strategy for the optimal development of their global operations, based on a adequate personnel management and the creation of sustainable policies for the management and development of intangible capital. 2. GMR INTERNATIONAL: COUNTRY PROFILE GMR Group is a Bangalore headquartered global infrastructure major with interests in the Airports, Energy, Highways and Urban infrastructure, with its International Headquarters based in London. GMR holds interests, directly and through its part ownership of InterGen, in 15 operating power plants with over 8,800MW of generating capacity. In addition an impressive portfolio of approximately 12,000MW of gas, coal and hydro plants are in various stages of construction and development both in India and internationally. GMR has shareholding interests in 4 international airports (New Delhi International (P) Limited; GMR Hyderabad International Airport; Sabiha Gokcen Airport LTD; GMR Male International Airport Ltd)) handling 40 million passengers p.a and 9 road projects exceeding 700 kms of paved roads. GMR is fully committed to the development of infrastructure assets, and in the past two years has raised over US$ 3 billion for the development of airports and another US$ 2.2 billion for the development of power and infrastructure assets including US$1.1 billion for the acquisition of 50% of InterGen N.V, a global power generator. The Group through the dedicated GMR Varalakshmi Foundation, manned by committed professionals is actively engaged in Education, Health, Hygiene and Sanitation, Empowerment & Livelihoods and Community-Based Programs, reaffirming its grass root presence as change agents of society in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility. 3. RECRUITMENT â€Å"Recruitment is defined as searching for and obtaining potential job candidates in sufficient numbers and quality so that organization can select the most appropriate people to fill its job needs.† (Dowling, Engle and Festing, 2008) â€Å"Recruitment is the discovery of potential applicants for actual or anticipated organizational activities. Two conditions must exist for selection to occur, (1) the organization must have a candidate whom it is willing to employ; (2) the candidate must be willing to accept an employment offer. Recruitment is the process of finding applicants who meet both of these conditions.† (Andrews 1993) â€Å"Organizations do not operate in a vacuum, and recruitment drives are one of the times an organization has direct contact with the outside world. Amongst other factors affecting recruitment, are the framework imposed on legislation and that no organization will want to spend money on unnecessary activities.† (Foot and Hook, 2005) 3.1 Recruitment Strategies There are 4 recruitment strategies, which are defined as such. These are 1. Ethnocentric 2. Polycentric 3. Geocentric] 4. Regiocentric Ethnocentric| Polycentric| Geocentric| Regiocentric| Ethnocentric is a belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group. The firm basically believes that parent-country nationals are better qualified and trustworthy than host country nationals.| Polycentric is a belief that local people know the local environment better than outsiders.| Geocentric is the notion that the best people should be employed, regardless of their nationality.| Regiocentric is the variation of staffing policy to suit particular geographic areas.| 1.Based on Paul Coldwell’s seminar slides, 2011. GMR International uses all four of the above-mentioned strategies, depending upon factors mentioned below, * The requirements of the job position to be filled in. * The position of the job in the hierarchy of the firm. If the job were a high position one, they would use the geocentric approach; and if it were for a more junior position, they would probably use a polycentric approach. * They would not like to waste too much time or money on the hunt for the right candidate. * Even when they are looking for a candidate for a high position job, they have certain restrictions to be cautious about from the UK Border Authority and the Government. When using the geocentric approach. E.g. The Head of Airport is an Italian working in South Africa and would report to the UK. Because he was an expert on airports, he was hired for the job. E.g. recently, when trying to bring in a Malaysian to UK, the UK Border Authority refused his sponsorship, so it did not work out. When using the polycentric approach. E.g. When looking for administrative support, GMR looks for local people to do the local jobs, as they would not like to waste the time and money to do a whole UK or EU based search for something small such as skills. 3.2 Challenges for hiring people at GMR International * GMR, as a brand, is not that well known in the UK and tit is also not as strong as some of their competitors, therefore, there is a hurdle of recognition. * GMR International is a non EU and non US organization * People are varying of working for a company, which is Indian by origin, yet headquartered in London. * People are not prepared to leave their jobs to work for a company with less work experience; limited recognition as a brand; and with limited track record. 3.3 Outlining the Recruitment Process â€Å"In the process of recruitment, in the first instance, sources of prospective employees are located. In other words, from where the employees would be available. Thereafter, these sources are approached and efforts are made to attract the interested people to the organization.† (Foot and Hook, 2005) The recruitment process at GMR International is not too different from those of other companies in UK. They look at the activities set out for the year ahead and map it out according to the capacity that they have in their organization. When they do this, there are obviously, some gaps that need to be filled in, in order for them to work on some projects. In order to fill in these gaps, the organization makes certain decisions as to how to do this. This can be done by 4 methods, 1. They could recruit temporary people 2. They could get people on contract 3. They could get that particular piece of work done somewhere else (outsource) 4. They could hire someone to do that job When they go ahead and choose the fourth option, they look at as to how to approach the market, in the following ways, * E- enabled vehicles – for the more junior staff as a lot of such recruitment takes place on web based applications. * They do not give much importance to the employees referral program * They tend to use agencies; search firms for the bigger, more senior positions * For the more junior staff, they recruit within UK. * As the position increases with seniority, they tend to engage colleagues from other offices to help them out, in case it can be managed within the GMR family. 3.4 Post Recruitment & Selection At GMR, they are not very firm in their services to keep an employee with them. They do not have a support system or an evaluation program. â€Å"Normally, at a firm, there is an evaluation program and a support system for the first 6 months. In this program, they make a check on the new employee on day 1; week 1; month 1; month 6. While, they have tried to be stricter in this aspect and tried different techniques for keeping an employee happy and with them, it has not always worked well with them. 4. EXPATRIATES With globalization shaping our world, organisations are trying to expand their marketplace in order to increase their competitiveness. In the industrialized countries, international working has become a common feature and the contact between different cultures becomes a regular thing in people’s social and professional lives. â€Å"International HRM involves striking an appropriate balance between global integration and local adaptation in terms of resourcing, training and developing personnel, reward and performance management, employment relations including communications, and health and welfare† (Porter, Bingham and Simmonds, 2008, p.400). So in this process of internationalisation, companies need to move people around and they have to make sure that they do it in an effective way because of the high costs involved. Expatriates have to deal with the changing they are going to occur, in culture, workplace, country and many more, the company must be sure to prepare them appropriately in order to get the best from their experience both in the new location and back home when they finish their period. According to Tayeb (1996), some companies such as Natwest in the UK, Philips in the Netherlands and Groupe Total in France conduct extensive international in-house seminars. In these courses they cover national culture differences, family adaptation, local politics and laws and international finance, more over some firms send their future expatriates, together with their family, to special language courses. Paul Colwell, former lecturer and HRM manager at Regents College states that an expatriate cost on average $250.000, or even more, which shows the importance of a good HRM strategy. An expatriate should receive the right support before, in the mean while and after his experience abroad. Before he leaves, the company should prepare him to live in another country, through teaching the culture aspects (food, climate, politics and laws, standard behaviour etc.), suggesting him not to sell his house in his home town, because if something goes wrong with his experience it would be way better to have some place in which he can to return. The language is an important factor in order to make him effective in his new workplace and the company should provide him the possibility of language classes to attend. All of these pre-departure trainings should be joined by the whole family, in fact while for the local employees the company don’t care about their family affairs, when you take in examination an expatriate the whole family becomes the company’s business. Experience shows that the majority failures in expatriate’s program come from family problem and complaints. After the departure, a good way of managing expatriate, according to the theory, is to take care about their house in the origin country (rent it or doing the maintenance needed) and to find a house where they are going to live in the new country, taking in consideration the location and the comfort they might need. A good communication with the expatriate during the whole experience should be maintained in order to prevent possible problems and to show him that the company doesn’t leave him alone. The company should take care of the partner job in the new country (or/and hobbies) and register their children in schools in order to make sure that the employee’s family is comfortable in the new location. The return of the expatriate is an important moment, too often underestimated. The company priority is to make sure not to lose all the money it has invested on him by making him decide to change job. An interview at the return it is a necessary step, as offering him the right position deserved in the company and not the same job he had before he left in order to maintain him motivated and happy, so they are not losing all the know how he gained through his years abroad. The period of the experience abroad it is variable, but following Paul Coldwell experience 3 years is and ideal length, because after that the employee may lose some of the attraction and interest in the job and start to decrease his learning. 4.1 GMR Policy Following the interview with the GMR HRM Manager, we found out that they do very little for their expatriates, mostly because they just started their internationalisation and they are a medium entity in the business. They don’t offer any pre-departure preparation, leaving it to the employee’s arbitrariness, they only thing they offer is a period of time that they could spend in the new country with their family in order to decide or not to go. GMR take about their VISA and immigration laws, moreover they find and pay the house in the new country, making sure that it is nice and well located. Moreover they pay for the double taxation (when it occurs) and they offer help in moving their employee’s furniture when requested, paying for it. Their typical expatriate appointment last 2 years, according with GMR HRM manager. As seen so far their expatriate strategy is very poor and just offer little helps to their employees, leaving a high risk of failure and waste of money. 4.2 Proposed Plan GMR in order to increase their competitiveness should set a better strategy for its expatriates. First of all the pre-departure preparation should be compulsory for everyone who decides to apply for an expatriate experience and should comprehend the whole family (especially for language classes), because they shouldn’t take the risk that their employees arrive in the new country and they are not able to integrate in the new position. GMR services to their expatriates, such as find a house, take care of the VISA and pay for the possible double taxation, are a good starting point but it is not enough if they want to make sure their expatriate’s program will be more effective. The company should take care of their expatriates’ proprieties in their home country, they definitively have to be more connected with their employees’ partners, in order to find them a job in the new country that would fit their current position, or/and taking care about their hobbies and their children necessities (such as school and sports). Eventually they have to develop a better repatriation system with complete feedback interviews and placing them in the position they deserve in order to gain value from their experience. 5. CULTURE â€Å"The collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the member of one category of people from another† (Lewis, 2006, p. 17) 5.1 Organizational Culture â€Å"The culture of an organisation refers to the unique configuration of norms, values, beliefs, ways of behaving and so on that characterize the manner in which groups and individuals combine to get things done. The distinctiveness of a particular organisation is intimately bound up with. (Brown, 1998) It is always said that the knowledge sharing culture is part of good knowledge management initiative. It is said that effective collaboration and communication across a whole organisational structure spreads knowledge throughout. In order to change the current culture of the organisation the change needs to be initiated at individual level. Employees have a sphere of influence along with their own individual knowledge, and this is where he believes a knowledge sharing culture can begin. GMR as an Indian based company, headquartered in Bangalore with offices in different countries as well such as U.K, Turkey, Singapore and Dubai, have identified the need of bring the different cultures together. As this company has to hire multicultural staff as part of their induction programme, most of their staff goes to India, to learn GMR history, values and operations through education workshop and its annual performance reviews. Working for an Indian company, which has strong culture and values and beliefs, employees have to manage the transition from their experiences. GMR has employees from the multicultural regions. Whereas, it is an Indian family business organisation and they glue the bonds whether it is Singapore, Turkey or Dubai. They share their values to India and initially they engage with their employees for first 4-5 years of the company to give them awareness about the company whether they can live by them and able to promote them to other positions. That is how they bring multicultural nationalities under the GMR brand. Therefore, there is a lot of difference between the 2 cultures. There are a lot of differences and similarities between the companies in which people have seen few things before in their previous organisations or the things they haven’t seen before, in GMR. â€Å"Individuals will have to adjust for the organisation but organisations will not adjust for individuals.† As GMR is an entrepreneur company, it has a very high regard for social responsibility. It has a set of values and cultures that can be shared and they are not company confidential. 5.2 Shared knowledge Culture is a shared phenomenon that people develop over time in response to shared experiences, which engender agreed values and mode of behaviours and which foster a similar outlook on the world. Working patterns that encourage people to engage in closed co-ordination and communication, which encourage them to identify the same problem and share the certain solution, and goals will be conducive to the formation of sub culture. (Brown, 1998) In GMR has focused knowledge transference culture among their 500 employees on the multiple layers. Employees have ongoing dialogues with the CEO on the day-to-day basis and once in a month everyone comes over for a breakfast in order to promote feedback in two-way direction. The biggest challenge for GMR is that how they leverage the knowledge within the Indian organisation with international organisation and back and forth. As Indian organisation is very process orientated and has a lot of process put in place around knowledge sharing. It hasn’t gained that much attraction outside India as it could have. The company is still improving in the knowledge sharing aspect. The firm still need to put some enthusiasm in the knowledge sharing as knowledge sharing is not a common concept in UK, Turkey, Singapore and with the Bangalore colleagues and then back to the international locations. Whereas, people think it’s a burden instead of an opportunity. They need to change the mindset of the people that they can learn something by being a recipient of knowledge.

PLato and Education Essay

Plato was the earliest most important Greek Philosopher and educational thinker. Plato thinks education as a key for a society and he stress on education, for this purpose he want to go to the extreme level even removing children from their mothers and rise them by the state, he want to identify the skills of the children and give them proper education for that particular skill which they have so they could be become a suitable member of the society and fulfil their duty in society. Plato want to a search for intelligent and gifted children in the whole society, Plato’s don’t belief that talent belong to a limited class therefore he stress on education for all so the talented children get the chance to shine. Plato contributed a lot in the form of ideas and it inspired his follower to find new ways for education and training of the children. In fact Plato himself did not contribute directly to science and mathematics but he stress on these subjects, his philosophy of education influenced the developments of these subjects in centuries to come. In the philosophy of Plato we can see some signs of the philosophy of Socrates; However Plato covered the major aspects of philosophy discussed today. Plato was born in an upper class family in Athens; he was interested in political career, but after the death of his teacher Socrates Plato pursues his teacher philosophy. For the purpose of education Plato travel to Egypt and Italy, there he learnt mathematics. After returning home he established an Academy, to teach moral values to the elite youth of Athens to make them better leaders of the society. Plato shows his ability of writing in different fields; ethics, music, drama, poetry, metaphysics, dance, architecture which are the ideal forms of Government. Contribution of Plato in scientific subject is little but his ideas on education inspired his followers to explore new dimension in education. Plato writes in his book â€Å"Let us describe the education of our men. What then is the education to be? Perhaps we could hardly find a better than that which the experience of the past has already discovered, which consists, I believe, in gymnastic, for the body, and music for the mind. † Plato not only consider better education for men but also believe on strong body and sound mind, for body he recommend sports and for sound mind music. Plato †No man should bring children into the world, who is unwilling to persevere to the end in their nature and education. † EDUCATIONAL THEORIES OF PLATO Education for All Plato want every boy and girl educated to it limit. State Education Education should be provided by the state not by parents. Organization and Curriculum. Plato curriculum was consist of gymnastic and music, where in gymnastic include physical training and music used in broad term for dram, history, oratory and music in real term, he define different stages for the organization and curriculum; 1. Elementary School Co-education at elementary level and teach them mathematics, poetry, music and literature till the age of eighteen years. 2. Military Training After elementary education two years of Physical education should be given to them and select best of them for higher education; to prepare for the future guardians of the state. 3. Higher Education Higher education should be given from twenty to thirty-five years of age, he well study the subjects at this stage mathematics, literature and philosophy. Later on he would be opponent at a minor administrative position to get experience for the future more important governing positions. â€Å"The object of education is to turn the eye which the soul already possesses to the light. The whole function of education is not to put knowledge into the soul, but to bring out the best things that are latent in the soul, and to do so by directing it to the right objects. The problem of education, then, is to give it the right surrounding. † -(Plato’s Republic, Book vii, 518) Nothing was more important to Plato in human life as education. He considers education the greatest thing in human life as he mention in his book â€Å"the one great thing†. Plato’s Theory of education was an indispensable necessity for mankind. It was a positive remedy for the problems and operation of justice in an ideal state. Women Education Plato also emphases on women education, he consider the same kind of education for women. Women should the same physical and educational training; they should know the art of war. The main aim of Plato was that each member of the society should undertake his work and responsibilities. Plato believed that women are equal to men and that, although some women are physically smaller or weak, some women are physically equal to men therefore those women who are physically strong should be allowed to learn the same skills that men do. In his book Republic Plato describes how male and female receive the same education and be given the same duties in society as given to the male member. These people are the ones who will be in charge his republic which would be an ideal society, where philosophers are kings. In other words, who know what is good for the people and for the mankind and take their decisions based on that knowledge. Teaching Methods Plato recommended play method at elementary level; student should learn by doing. And when he reached the higher level of education, his reason would be trained in the processes of thinking and abstracting. Plato wants motivation and interest in learning. He is against the use of force in education. â€Å"Knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind. † In another place he writes â€Å"Do not then train youths by force and harshness, but direct them to it by what amuses their minds so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each. † – Plato Plato writes in his Republic â€Å"Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind† Plato â€Å"The most effective kind of education is that a child should play amongst lovely things. † Plato wants a place where children love to go and stay there and they play with things which enhance their education by playing. Plato gives importance to nursery education, he thinks nursery education plays a vital role in the education of man, it help to build his moral character and state of mind â€Å"The most important part of education is proper training in the nursery. † –plato Plato think It will be hard to discover a better [method of education] than that which the experience of so many ages has already discovered, and this may be summed up as consisting in gymnastics for the body, and _music_ for the soul†¦ For this reason is a musical education so essential; since it causes Rhythm and Harmony to penetrate most intimately into the soul, taking the strongest hold upon it, filling it with _beauty_ and making the man _beautiful-minded_. The above quotation of Plato show, how he sees education, he wants the total development of a man, mind body and soul by using every possible mean. That why in another place Plato writes; â€Å"But then, if I am right, certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put a knowledge into the soul which was not there before, like sight into blind eyes. They undoubtedly say this, he replied. Whereas, our argument shows that the power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being, and learn by degrees to endure the sight of being, and of the brightest and best of being, or in other words, of the good. † -Plato’s Allegory of the Cave & Exploring Plato’s Plato Aims of Education* To develop leader among the future rulers. * To develop hard and competent workers. * To produce leaders with military skill among the warriors. * To produce future Civil Servants of the state. The highest goal of education, Plato believed, is the knowledge of Good; to nurture a man to a better human being it is not merely an awareness of particular benefits and pleasures, Stages of Education Plato describes different stages of education in his republic. According to Plato the education of child should be start at the age of seven year and before this stage the child should stay with their mother or elders and learn moral education from them. After the age of six years both girls and boys should be separated and boys should play with boys and girls with girls and they should be taught the use of different arms to both sexes. This stage goes up to the age of seventeen years. During these years they should teach them music and early education. After the age of seventeen years the youth should be brought to battle filed to learn real life experiences. The four stages start at the age of twenty five to thirty years and in this age they get the training of Mathematical calculation and last for another ten years, after the completion the selected one’s are admitted in the study of dialect. During fifth stage they study dialect for another five years and after that, at the sixth stage one is ready to become a ruler and philosopher and the one enter in practical life. Plato’s View on Moral Ethics Ethics is the most important branch of philosophy. Plato especially gives attention to the moral and ethical education of the men, later on Plato gradually widened the scope of his investigations by reflecting not only on the social and political conditions of morality, but also on the logical and metaphysical presuppositions of a successful moral theory. Plato presents his ideas for an ideal society in his Republic and he provided detail about the curriculum and system of education. According to Plato the ideal society who cares for their youth and the guardian would be responsible for the moral education of their children. Every person would know his duty and his responsibility. Bibliography Annas, J. (1993). The Morality of Happiness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Franck, Matthew. (n. d). â€Å"Aldous Huxley’s City in Speech: Brave New World and the Republic of Plato† Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois, A Kahn, C. (1996). Plato and the Socratic Dialogue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Numan, M. (2003). Foundation of education. Peshawar: Umair composing center. Posted by Sultan Muhammad at 9:39.